Daloz

"Daloz (1986) suggests that when students receive an appropriate mix of challenge and support, development can occur. He asserts that when both support and challenge are low, little is likely to happen in terms of personal development. However, when support is enhanced, the potential for some form of personal growth is increased. On the other hand, too much challenge in the absence of appropriate support, can drive a student into “retreat, forcing a rigid epistemology to replace the promise of a more fluid and complex world” (Daloz, 1986, p. 215). It appears that in the current study, the open learning modality allowed students to assess the availability of support from social, professional and academic networks and, in most cases, create an environment that provided an appropriate mix of both challenge and support."

Even the best of plans are doomed to failure without an appropriate support network, Carnewll (2000) identified 3 types of support we need in order succeed: An efficient social networks, academic networks and professional networks are therefore necessary to provide this support. Most importantly these networks work together and interact with each other
 * practical support
 * emotional support
 * Academic support

not only the family but also all the staff working together